Psychology Psychology And Social Psychology - 1398 Words

What could be more fascinating and more important than taking time to study and to comprehend the human brain? Why is it that some people prefer apples to oranges? Why can some people place a name to every face, while others struggle to even remember his own address? Why is laughter considered to be contagious? These questions are only a few of the many that a psychologist may strive to answer in his lifetime. Psychology is a very broad topic in general, and is easily broken down into two main categories: experimental psychology and social psychology. These two categories of psychology can be broken down further into many subcategories such as the following: clinical psychology, forensic psychology, and sports psychology. Both of these broad categories, nevertheless, share the same end goal, which is to understand the human mind and its functions. Psychology defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is: â€Å"The science of mind and behavior; the mental or behavioral characteristics of an individual or group; the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular field of knowledge or activity.† Clinical psychology defined is:† the branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and disability.† Clinical psychologists help individuals to overcome obstacles that may be the cause of their unhappiness. With the exception of New Mexico and Louisiana, a clinical psychologist is not permitted to prescribe medication to his patient, but ratherShow MoreRelatedApplied Social Psychology On Psychology981 Words   |  4 Pages Applied social psychology 2 Applied social psychology is one way that psychologist can study our thought, feeling and belief, and how we function around each other, in our everyday lives, here are the five issues that I will be addressing in my literature review they are social influence, Attribution Theory, Group polarization, Cognitive dissonance theory, and Observational Learning. Social applied psychologyRead MoreSocial Psychology And Sociology And Psychology1450 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology is a broad field that incorporates aspects of both the sciences of Sociology and Psychology. This field of study is designed to help answer the question as to why people display certain behaviors due to their interaction with others. This field of study is very interesting due to its practicality, in regards to real-life demonstration, usage, and observation. In my life, I have held several jobs that have been heavily influenced by the dynamics of those who were around me. One jobRead MoreSocial Ps ychology : A Unique Subfield Of Psychology1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a unique subfield of psychology. The history of the psychology dates back in 387 BC when Plato had inferred that the human brain is a device comprising of mental structures. Charles Darwin coined the theory of evolution called â€Å"Survival of the Fittest† when he disseminated his On the Origin of Species in 1859. Many other names have made major contributions in the field of psychology. However, it was Leon Festinger, in 1957, who propositioned his postulation of â€Å" CognitiveRead MoreThe Domain Of Psychology Which Will Be Social Psychology1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The research study will look at the domain of Psychology which will be Social Psychology. In psychology, social psychology is the methodical study of how people s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are subjective to change by presence of others. Social psychologists study how an individual’s or a group’s viewpoint is changed by the social influence and communication of other individuals and social groups. In this research the main concentration will be on the topic of conformityRead MoreSocial Psychology2623 Words   |  11 Pagesourselves (Friedkin, 1998). Social psychologists have conducted numerous experiments and concluded that, through various forms of social influence, groups can change their members thoughts, feelings, and behaviour, intentionally or unintentionally, as a result of the way the changed person perceives themselves in relationship to the influencer, other people and society in general (Hogg amp; Vaughan, 2008). Hogg and Vaughan (2008) stated that the three areas of social influence are obedienceRead More Social Psychology Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesorigins of modern social psychology. It is therefore important to consider that social psychology cannot be traced back to one single source of origin (Burr, 2003). Hence, this is the reason why there are debates of what social psychology is. Allport (1985) described social psychology as the study an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours which are influenced by the actual, imagines, or implied presence of others. As seen from this definition there is a direct link between social science and theRead MoreSocial Psychology : An Individual1117 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning of social psychology will be introduced. The differences and similarities social psychology shares with certain fields of psychology will be clarified throughout this essay. Specific subjects such as attitudes, group behaviors, and other related so urces will be cited throughout this essay. Some of the research methods used in social psychology to determine how individuals affect groups or how groups affect an individual will be discussed in this essay. Keywords: group behaviors, social cognitionRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology1654 Words   |  7 PagesSocial psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies how people’s feelings, behaviors, and thoughts vary depending on their social environment (Social Psychology Careers, n.d.). Plato first attributed changes in a person’s behavior to their social environment in his idea of â€Å"crowd mind† but social psychology began as an independent subfield after World War II (Cherry, n.d.). The genocide conducted under Hitler’s Nazi regime prompted psychologists to investigate how social influences effectedRead More Social Psychology Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a science that study social thinking (how we perceive ourselves and others, judgement we make and our attitudes); social influence (such as pressure to conform, group of people) and social relations such as aggression and helping (David G. Myers, 2008). Social psychological research methods vary by location: in the laboratory or in the field. Also, it varies by method: correlational or experimental (David G. Myers, 2008). A field research method is everyday situations, forRead MoreSocial Psychology As A Whole1509 Words   |  7 PagesThis artwork took a lot of thought and I wanted to demonstrate more than just a topic, but rather Social Psychology as a whole. The piece has three aspects, there is a person to the left hand side at a closer look to represent a person as an individual, the mirror with the main person’s reflection on how the individual views themselves and how others would see the main person, then groups of people to the right of the image. This is broken down into groups that the main person associates with, the

Why We Should Fight the War on Terrorism Free Essays

string(381) " Enhance measures to ensure the integrity, reliability, and availability of critical physical and information-based infrastructures at home and abroad \? Integrate measures to protect US citizens abroad \? Ensure an integrated incident management capability Campaigns of the War on Terror A common misconception the American public makes is that the War on Terror is only in Iraq\." â€Å"Common Sense† A Rationale for the War on Terrorism Preface On September 11, 2001, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. On this day, our nation united, determined to obliterate the evil force of terrorism from the planet Earth. Now, just eight years later, these same people wish to pardon the acts of evil, disregarding the 2,995 deaths that they united to avenge just a few years before. We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Should Fight the War on Terrorism or any similar topic only for you Order Now So the question lies before us; do we hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts, or do we ignorantly allow terrorist to revenge the freedoms our founding fathers worked so hard for? Because of the threat caused by terrorist on the United States of America, her citizens should continue to thwart the terrorists’ threats both at home and abroad. Some may wonder why the United States should continue fighting the War on Terror. It must be fought for the safety for our citizens, insurance of our posterity, and preservation of liberty. The ignorance of the American public must not destroy the future of a country that was founded on freedom. The America we live in is a country that has endured much. Ever since the Revolutionary War, our ancestors have defended this country with all their might, so that their descendants may reach the dream we like to call â€Å"The American Dream†. Now it is our turn. The veterans of World War Two fought to defend our country after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Are their sacrifices not made for the same reasons as troops’ today- defending the United States of America? It will take America united to win the war, not just the republicans or democrats. Public Perception of the War In the past century, the American public has become more increasingly active in their government than ever before. In some cases, such as the Watergate Scandal, this is a good thing. In some cases, it isn’t. People never want to admit they are wrong, so therefore they give their opinions on topics they haven’t the slightest knowledge about. The founding fathers foresaw this, and created the Electoral College in attempt to prevent it. The founding fathers did overlook the fact that the peoples’ ignorance could span further than presidential elections. The people of America will never abstain from making a decision, uninformed or not. The people show a lack of understanding of the War on Terror, yet still protest it. They see it as a conspiracy, or an attempt to rejuvenate American Imperialism. They are blind to the fact that every war this country has fought was caused by aggravation of another state. They fail to realize terrorism as the state that can destroy our way of life if not dealt with. The War on Terror is in no way, shape, or form a takeover; it is liberation. It is a liberation years in the making, but starting only now. Foreshadowing the War One thing people tend unable to grasp is that the United States has faced multiple terrorist acts carried out by al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda became active in 1992 with the coordinated bombings of two hotels in Aden, Yemen. Since then it has expanded greatly. It was responsible for the 1993 bombings of the World Trade Center and attacks on U. S. troops in Mogadishu. It was also responsible for the 1995 bombing of the National Guard Training Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and the 1996 Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia. Al-Qaeda was directly involved in coordinating the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, along with the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole in Yemen, and the September 11 attacks. Actions were taken to search for Osama bin Laden (the leader of al-Qaeda) during the Clinton presidency, but were never a priority. So why attack the U. S.? Al-Qaeda’s ideology includes â€Å"ridding the Muslim world of any non-Muslim influences. † On February 23, 1998, Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri, a leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, along with three other Islamist leaders, co-signed and issued a fatwa (binding religious edict) calling on Muslims to kill Americans and their allies where they can, when they can. Neither bin Laden nor al-Zawahiri met the traditional qualifications to issue a fatwa of any kind, but their hatred of the United States led them to do so anyway. Before the launch of the War on Terror, al-Qaeda had already killed 3,036 Americans, injured 11,870+ Americans, and cost the United States over $32. 1 billion. The attacks foreshadowing the War on Terror were clearly costly to the United States, and are motifs for fighting the al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations today. The War Begins The War on Terror began on October 7, 2001. In the words of former president George W. Bush, â€Å"Our war on terror begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated. President Bush outlined the following as objectives for the War on Terror: ? Defeat terrorists such as Osama Bin Laden, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and destroy their organizations ? Identify, locate and destroy terrorists along with their organizations ? Deny sponsorship, support and sanctuary to terrorists ? End the state sponsorship of terrorism ? Establish and maintain an international stand ard of accountability with regard to combating terrorism ? Strengthen and sustain the international effort to fight terrorism ? Work with willing and able states ? Enable weak states ? Persuade reluctant states ? Compel unwilling states ? Interdict and disrupt material support for terrorists ? Eliminate terrorist sanctuaries and havens ? Diminish the underlying conditions that terrorists seek to exploit ? Partner with the international community to strengthen weak states and prevent (re)emergence of terrorism ? Win the war of ideals ? Defend US citizens and interests at home and abroad ? Implement the National Strategy for Homeland Security ? Attain domain awareness Enhance measures to ensure the integrity, reliability, and availability of critical physical and information-based infrastructures at home and abroad ? Integrate measures to protect US citizens abroad ? Ensure an integrated incident management capability Campaigns of the War on Terror A common misconception the American public makes is that the War on Terror is only in Iraq. You read "Why We Should Fight the War on Terrorism" in category "Papers" Former President Bush clearly defined that the War on Terror does not end until we destroy all terrorist groups of global reach and prevent their re-emergence. The War on Terror is currently being fought in Iraq, Afghanistan, The Philippines, The Horn of Africa, The Mediterranean, Maghreb, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Thailand, Somalia, Israel, Lebanon, Gaza Strip, Nigeria, and North Caucasus (among others). Every campaign of the War on Terror is vital to achieve the war’s objectives. Operation Enduring Freedom The term â€Å"OEF† typically refers to the war in Afghanistan. Some operations are only loosely or nominally connected to OEF. All the operations, however, have a focus on counterterrorism activities. The operations included in OEF are all crucial to the global uproot of terrorist. These operations also are vital to the accomplishment of the objectives outlined for the War on Terror. OEF comprises several subordinate operations: ? Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan Iraq (OEF-A) ? The Goals of OEF-A are simply to remove the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, and destroy al-Qaeda’s presence their. On October 7, 2001, American and British forces began aerial bombings campaigns targeting al-Qaeda and Taliban force. After the last Taliban-held city in the north was captured, most of the Taliban of the north retreated to Pakistan. The Taliban regime of Afghanistan was removed on November, 2001. In December, 2001, U. S. , British, and Northern Alliance forces united to further destroy Taliban and al-Qaeda in The Battle of Tora Bora. On March 1, 2002, Operation Anaconda, an operation intended to destroy Taliban and al-Qaeda in the area, began and lasted until March 18th. It was largely successful, with American troops killing over half of the 1,000 fighters. Since then, operations to removing the growing Taliban insurgency have occurred. The Taliban still holds influence in many regions, and needs to be destroyed in order to prevent another regime. OEF-A is probably the most active subordinate operation contained in OEF. People tend to take for granted that without more troops operating here, the insurgency could grow faster than it can be removed. The problem with this is once the insurgency is la rge enough, the Taliban could regain control. Afterwards, the Taliban, angry at the United States, would sponsor al-Qaeda more than ever. Catastrophic events, such as a larger magnitude duplicate of the September 11th attacks, could result. Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P) ? In January, 2002, 1,200 members of United States Special Operations Command, Pacific (SOCPAC) were deployed to the Philippines to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in removing the al-Qaeda, Jemaah Islamiyah and Abu Sayyaf terrorist organizations from the islands. The operations were successful, and OEF-P is expected to end in 2010. ? To some, the correlation between OEF-P and the War on Terror are unclear. This, like OEF-A, helps accomplish several of the objectives for the war. Even if we destroy al-Qaeda in every other part of the world, if we don’t remove it from the Philippines it could reform. Al-Qaeda can be compared to a cancer. If not completely removed, it can regenerate worse than ever. ? Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA) ? Anti piracy operations were undertaken by the coalition throughout 2006 through a battle fought in March that was caused by U. S. ships being attacked by pirates. In January 2007, during the war in Somalia, an airstrike was conducted against al-Qaeda members embedded with forces of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) operating in southern Somalia. US naval forces were positioned off the coast of Somalia to provide support and to prevent any al-Qaeda forces escaping by sea. Actions against pirates also occurred in June and October 2007 with varying amounts of success. ? OEF-HOA may not be as important as the other subordinate operations, but it is still important. Piracy has plagued the world long before the formation of the United States. Following the 2006 piracy events, the United States felt it necessary to fight piracy as a form of terrorism. This was reinforced after the recent Somali piracy attacks. ? Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS) OEF-TS is an operation conducted by the United States and partner nations in the Sahara/Sahel region of Africa, consisting of counterterrorism efforts and policing of arms and drug trafficking across central Africa. Congress approved $500 million for the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) over six years to support countries involved in counterterrorism against alleged threats of Al Qaeda operating in African countries, primarily Algeria, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Nigeria, and Morocco. ? OEF-TS is fought for all the same reasons as OEF-P. If al-Qaeda reforms after its destruction, the United States would face catastrophic events. ? Operation Enduring Freedom – Kyrgyzstan (completed in 2004) ? Kyrgyzstan was basically an operation to clear out al-Qaeda forces so that Operation Enduring Freedom Allies could use Kyrgyzstan as a base in central Asia. Operation Active Endeavor Operation Active Endeavour is a naval operation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It operates in the Mediterranean Sea and is designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general. Operation Iraqi Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom is an ongoing military campaign which began on March 20, 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a coalition, led by troops from the United States and the United Kingdom. Prior to the operation, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraq’s alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed an imminent threat to their security and that of their coalition allies. The invasion of Iraq led to an occupation and the eventual capture of President Hussein, who was later executed by the new Iraqi government. Violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to the Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups, and al-Qaeda operations in Iraq. In late February 2009, President Barack Obama announced an 18-month withdrawal window for combat forces, leaving behind 30,000 to 50,000 troops to advise and train Iraqi security forces and to provide intelligence and surveillance. General Ray Odierno, the top US military commander in Iraq, said he believes all US troops will be out of the country by the end of 2012, while British forces ended combat operations on April 30, 2009. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has said he supports the accelerated pullout of US forces. Arguments for Fighting the War on Terror After being briefed on the War on Terror, one could assume that the majority of the American public would support the war. Americans, out of ignorance, choose to protest that in which they know nothing about. There are several benefits for continuation of the War on Terror, and many consequences for a sudden withdraw. Homeland Security Following the terrorist attacks of September 11th, protection of the country from further attacks was among the highest priorities. Acts, such as creation of the United States Department of Homeland Security and USA PATRIOT Act, strengthened the nation greatly. To date, no attacks by Islamic terrorists on the US homeland have been successful since September 11, 2001 (although several were attempted). At times we take for granted the fact that our actions against terrorism since September 11th have decreased the likeliness of another attack. If the United States withdraws its armed forces from the War on Terror, organizations such as al-Qaeda can rebuild and prepare a counter-attack. You pose a very important question that will impact future American generations. Sarcastically, I could say that we shouldn’t open any new battle fronts against terrorism or terrorists. We should, as the Democrats, appear to invite, tuck our tails and withdraw from every foreign soil where America is trying to thwart terrorism. Then, let’s wait until they conduct suicide bombing attacks on our soil killing innocent men, women and babies, as they attend a movie. But if we wait, it’ll be too late to do what we are doing now — take the fight to them, and have it in their backyard, not ours. — DeWane (a FOX News Fan) International Influence The United States of America has only lost two of the nineteen wars/invasions it has fought. This means the U. S. A. ’s military success rate is at 90%. With this high success rate, it can use military force as a threat towards nations/organizations that oppose it. If the United States decides to withdraw from the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, then its success rate will fall to 81%. This leads to other countries thinking that our threats of military action aren’t serious. Conclusion The War on Terrorism is a war needing fought. People, regardless of ethnicity, political party, or even nationality, need to unite once more. The people of the United States of America, nay the people of the planet Earth, need to unite to destroy these terrorist groups that plague the world in which we inhabit. In the words of the current president of the United States, Barrack Obama, â€Å"We are in the early stages of a long struggle. Yet since 9/11, we’ve heard a lot about what America can’t do or shouldn’t do or won’t even try. We can’t reach out to the hundreds of millions of Muslims who reject terror because we worry they hate us. We can’t protect the homeland because there are too many targets, or secure our people while staying true to our values. We can’t get past the America of Red and Blue, the politics of who’s up and who’s down. That is not the America that I know. The America I know is the last, best hope for that child looking up at a helicopter. It’s the country that put a man on the moon; that defeated fascism and helped rebuild Europe. It’s a country whose strength abroad is measured not just by armies, but rather by the power of our ideals, and by our purpose to forge an ever more perfect union at home. That’s the America I know. We just have to act like it again to write that next chapter in the American story. If we do, we can keep America safe while extending security and opportunity around the world. We can hold true to our values, and in doing so advance those values abroad. And we can be what that child looking up at a helicopter needs us to be: the relentless opponent of terror and tyranny, and the light of hope to the world. To make this story reality, it’s going to take Americans coming together and changing the fundamental direction of this country. It’s going to take the service of a new generation of young people. It’s going to take facing tragedy head-on and turning it into the next generation’s triumph. That is a challenge that I welcome. Because when we do make that change, we’ll do more than win a war — we’ll live up to that calling to make America, and the world, safer, freer, and more hopeful than we found it. † â€Å"America was not built on fear. America was built on courage, on imagination and an unbeatable determination to do the job at hand. †-Harry S. Truman How to cite Why We Should Fight the War on Terrorism, Essays

Jet Blue Case free essay sample

Demands: * Legroom and flatter recline position * Dunkin Donuts coffee * Leather sits * LCD entertainment system * Latest movies and favorite TV show for just $6 dollars. * A terminal with excellent restaurants and stores * Children’s play zone. * Work place. Jet Blue has demonstrated that they are very focus in every costumers needs, wants and demands. Doing all of those practices they are very happy because they have got loyal costumers that even with the Valentine’s Day nightmare, still there. I think that customer’s loyalty have been the best implication that Jet blue has received, due to all their focusing in customer satisfaction, without this Jet Blue may not be alive nowadays. 2. Describe in detail all the facets of JetBlue’s product. What is being exchanged in a JetBlue transaction? Jet Blue airline start as a very small company, but with a clear and firm strategy to follow and we could see that in their slogan â€Å"Delighting costumers through happy jetting† which show us that for them everything is about make costumers satisfaction. 2. Describe in detail all the facets of JetBlue’s product. What is being exchanged in a JetBlue transaction? Jet Blue airline start as a very small company, but with a clear and firm strategy to follow and we could see that in their slogan â€Å"Delighting costumers through happy jetting† which show us that for them everything is about make costumers satisfaction. They implement a lot of things that others airlines does not have, such as: They implement a 3 inches more in every sit, so now people are able to stretch and cross their legs. Also for they more exigent costumers they have implemented a legroom. They offer variety of beverages and snacks all free. For their entertainment they have LCD entertainment system in very seat, that has a variety of channels by Direct TV and also for just 6 dollars they could watch movies or their favorite TV show. They Terminal has comfort lounge area, restaurants, stores, children’s play zone free WI- FI. I think in a Jet Blue Strategy they have exchange all of these amenities just for the fact of retained customers and grow their businesses, because at the end of the day as soon you keep costumers happy they will be loyal to the company and of course the company will make profits. Jet Blue is company which has 1. 1 million of followers on twitter that show us that Jet blue is doing an excellent job and giving feedback to their customers. 3. Which of the five marketing management concepts best applies to JetBlue? I think in certain point the 5 five apply, but the one that I consider best applies to Jet Blue is Customer Value Satisfaction, because I imagine that when they start people have low expectations about it, due to they are a new company in the market, and most new companies are more likely to make mistakes at the beginning, for this reason I think Jet Blue knew how to handle of that and do excellent job, where costumer where satisfied and exceeded expectations. . What value does JetBlue create for its customers? Jet Blue is a company that is always giving a added value in everything they do, as an example I could say people would like to have comfortable seats but they give them a comfortable leather seat, also with the option of a legroom just for a few more dollars, another one could be people want a comfortable terminal, so Jet Blue give them a comfortable terminal but also free Wi Fi. People like the staff to be friendly and the staff is friendly and also say jokes, I mean Jet Blue is a company that in everything they do, try to always give the extra mile. They are compromise with their customers. Another example could be, they have twitter account where they receive advices from their customers and employees and Jet Blue is aware of every advice and complain, that’s another added value. 5. Is JetBlue likely to continue being successful in building ? customer relationships? Why or why not? Yes I think Jet Blue is a company that seems likely to continuous being successful, because they have put all efforts on customer satisfaction, but also in their employee’s commodity, they offer part time jobs and also you could work at home. I really believe that when the employee is happy with the job the customer will receive an A list treatment. I consider that if Jet blue continuous doing their job in the way they are doing it, they will stay in the market for a long time. Introduction Sometimes Company just focuses on making profits but they avoid the fact that in order to make profit you must have a strategy to follow. That is why some company never became successful, they have no strategy, they just a series of objectives and goals but they don’t know the way of how to accomplish those objectives. They lack of strategy is what it drive those companies to failure. Jet Blue Airline is a company that seems to have a very strong strategy implemented, and it just doing well even the Valentine’s Day mishap they had in 2007. Conclusion After I’ve read the Jet Blue case, I could conclude the following points: Every company should has a strategy in order to be successful. * Customer focus is the key for every business. * Always give costumer an add value in everything you do, because the customer will notice and a single detail could make you different and protrude within other competitors. * Keep your employees happy and pleased with their job, beca use they will represent your company. * The 5 marketing concepts could help any company to return to market. References * Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong Principles of Marketing 14th Edition

Wine Making Persuasive Speech Essay Example

Wine Making Persuasive Speech Paper Title: How to Make Wine Specific purpose: To inform my audience on how to make wine at home. I. Introduction A. Attention Material: â€Å"Wine makes daily living easier, less hurried, with fewer tensions and more tolerance. Benjamin Franklin B. Credibility material: I have been brewing beer making wine for 4 years now with just over about 846 gallons under my belt. C. Preview: I will explain the basics which include the equipment needed, the process of making the wine the basics of the fermentation process. . II. Decisions, Decisions * Wine from the kit†¦ esigned to drink sooner (some less than 30 days, from start to finish) a. Convenient, everything is premeasured and equipped with specific instructions nearly Idiot-proof b. Wine from scratch†¦ -. Complete creative control (more of an art than a process) More enjoyable You choose your supplies/chemicals: fruit, specific yeast etc. III. Equipment Needed†¦ a. Carboy good for fermentation as well as aging b. Hydr ometer -used to determine the alcohol level and specific gravity of the wine c. Thermometer wine has to be a certain temperature to ferment (not too cold) d. Fermentation lock (air lock) allows fermentation gases to escape, while keeping air out e. Siphon tubing long plastic tube instrumental in the racking process f. Wine thief or unused turkey baster used for testing the wine throughout the entire process g. Funnel h. Long plastic spoon IV. 2 necessary skills in order to make a good wine. a. Reading a Hydrometer A hydrometer is used to help you control how much alcohol by volume (ABV) you want the finished wine to be and to help keep track of the status of your wine. This will help determined how much water and sugar you will need to raise or lower the specific Gravity (SG) of your wine, with is the measuring the how dense the sugars are making the must. b. Read a Thermometer. The temperature of you fermenting wine is very important. If the yeast are too cold they will kind of shut off, stalling or stopping fermentation. If they are to hot they will be over stressed and produce negative flavors, and die faster. V. Chemicals a. Campden Prevents â€Å"wild† or lambic yeast from growing. b. Potassium or â€Å"K† sorbate This is a preservative as well as inhibits any yeast growth. . Wine or Champagne yeast For fermentation d. Yeast nutrient Supports healthy yeast, helps yeast stay alive throughout the fermentation process e. Yeast Energizer an energy drink for the yeast f. Fining Agents pulls dead yeast and fruit particles to the bottom of the carboy, helps in racking g. Tannin that give wine a bitter, dry, or puckery feeling in the mouth h. Sugar. For the yeast to eat, which produces alcohol and also a sweetner. i. Water VI. Selecting Your Flavor a. For home winemaking it’s hard to find the standard flavors outside of a kit and in a kit all basic choices are made for you. . So, the fun of from scratch, there is a world of flavor possibilities awaiting you, any and all fruit is at your finger tips. Melons, apples berries not just grapes. And not always fruit. Honey, even onions or other vegetables. c. Sort out you fruit. A benefit to making it from scratch is you get to make sure the purity of you fruit. And pick out all the bad parts. VII. Cleanliness. Cleanliness. Cleanliness a. Before you can start you must clean and sanitize your equipment, iodine is a great product but also is bleach in small quantities. b. We will write a custom essay sample on Wine Making Persuasive Speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wine Making Persuasive Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wine Making Persuasive Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sanitizers that are easily rinsed away are best, cleaner residue will effect fermentation as well as the final flavor. c. There are items just for cleaning wine equipment. But you need to get them at brew shops or online. Some that serves more than one purpose. Like potassium metabisulfite and KMETA. Which are Wine Stabilizers. They help protect color and flavors and stops any leftover yeast from restarting. VIII. Preparing for the Must a. Again cleanliness is the key, just as if you were going to clean the fruit to be eaten, you need to clean the fruit for winemaking. . Determine what method you will us to obtain your Juice. The old fashion method is to crush or press the fruit either using your feet, or a pressing device. This takes more time and depending on the fruit might yield more or less juice. However, you will get less pulp in the long run. Using a juicer will juice the fruit completely; it’s faster but produces more pulp which will make the clarification process t ake longer. * Pre-manufactured juice concentrates and juices also work great and require little to no prep work. IX. Starting the fermentation process. . Now that you have your nice and clean fermentation vessel and your selected fruit juice and your array of chemicals and additives ready. It is time to start the actual process of making it into wine. b. We start by adding the juice, bentonite and water to the carboy and to stir in sugar as needed. During this time is important to make use of the hydrometer to help determine the amount of sugar to add. c. After you have you juice, bentonite, water and sugar all mixed together, and your SG is just where you want it, it is time to add Campden. What this does is kill the â€Å"native† yeast and bacteria that would start a premature and uncontrolled fermentation. d. Next add yeast, yeast nutrient, yeast energizer. Cover and place the fermentation lock, and keep in a warm place. About 72*f-78*f. Now it’s the waiting game. It can take several days before you see and hear the signs of fermentation. But as long as conditions are what they should be the yeast are doing their job of eating the sugar, and producing alcohol. e. Keep a log and check the Must regularly. Checking the SG, the Temp, and if you want, the acidity. Fermentation can take anywhere from 4 days long to 3 weeks, even longer depending on the starting SG (starting gravity) and the temperature. f. Once you have 2-3 days of consecutive gravity reading it’s time to add more campden and potassium sorbate to the carboy. Swirl around and let sit for another 2-3 days. As it sits you will notice the wine becoming very clear. X. Bottling a. Now use some silicone tubing or pour the wine carefully into whatever container/bottles you want to store the wine in without disturbing the lees. b. Last is to chill if you wish and enjoy the product of your labors. XI. Conclusion A. Final Review: So today I showed you the basics of making wine. 1. I showed you the basics of the correct materials. 2. I discussed the various juices and the process of fermentation. 3. I showed you how to choose the right yeast and start the process and finish the wine making process. 4. The one thing to always be aware of cleanliness. B. Concluding remarks: I cook with wine; sometimes I even add it to the food!! – W. C. Fields Bibliography: Wine Making. (2011, September 9). Jack Keller Wine Making Home Page Getting Started. Retrieved September 24, 2011, from http://winemaking. jackkeller. net/starting. asp Garey, T. (1997). The Joy of Home Winemaking. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishing. Retrieved September 24, 2011 from http://www. joyofwine. net/book. htm Crowe, A. (2007) The Wine Maker’s Answer Book. North Adams, MA: Storey Books Berry, C. J. (1994) First Steps In Winemaking. Chicago, IL: G. W. Kent Spaziani, G. , Halloran, E. ,Halloran, E. (2000) The Home Winemaker’s Companion. North Adams, MA: Storey Books

The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem Essay Example

The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem Essay Example The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem Paper The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem Paper Her hair is shining like a halo and the use of angle suggests she is a God-like, beautiful creature, too pretty for this world. The romantic setting has a magical charm twas midnight charm. Midnight was always thought to be the witching hour, when all spirits were out. This adds to the enchantment and romance of the poem. Keats keeps emphasising how beautiful Madeline is. The simile like a mermaid in a sea-weed, compares Madeline to an other attractive creature. It creates a word picture for the reader to realise her beauty. Keats describes Madeline undressing step by step. Unclasps her warmed jewels one by one; Loosens her fragrant bodice. This builds up anticipation and adds to the romantic element. Keats uses and oxymoron dreams awake to tell the reader she is daydreaming. Madeline is so caught up in the enchantment of the night she is completely oblivious of what is happening around her. When Madeline is finally asleep it is described as the poppied warmth of sleep. This drugged and deep sleep adds enchantment and creates a sense of magic. Keats always compares the beauty of Madeline to the beauty of nature. As though a rose would shut, and be a bud again. This shows the purity and gracefulness of Madeline. It also suggests the power of magic. Roses cannot change back to bud, which continues the element of enchantment. Until now Porphyro had been hiding in Madelines wardrobe, however the reader is told he listened to her breathing. This proves her must be very close to her. And tween the curtains peepd. Showing Porphyro peeking through the curtains of her four-poster bed. Keats maintains control of his poem by using his voice to direct the reader to the next part of the poem. Where lo! How fast she slept. Gothic imagery is used to add to the romantic setting. Silver twilight, suggests magic and enchantment. The faded moon shows the passing of time, giving the reader and idea of what is happening and when. Madeline is still asleep in blanched linen, smooth and lavenderd. This creates an image of a peaceful sleep and it appeals to the senses, the beautiful lavender smelling pure sheets. Porphyro had prepared many exotic foods for Madeline. The Manna and dates form silken Samarcad to Cederd Lebanon. These special and exotic foods from far away places imply riches and proves that Porphyro is totally serious about Madeline, and he is not just there to look and gaze at her. The exotic foods he had prepared perfumed the room, appealing to the senses. The exotic feast is a medieval idea, which co-insides with the medieval castle and the medieval features in Madelines room. Even the dishes of wreathed sliver were medieval crafts. When Madeline wakes Porphyro plays an ancient ditty in Madelines ear. This is very romantic. He is serenading her. However she wakes properly and is surprised and scared at what is happening. She is frightened, her blue affrayed eyes wide open shone. Porphyro gets on knees and freezes, pale as a smooth sculptured stone. This is a dramatic change, from the sweet sound of music to a sense of shock. It adds a nice twist to the perfect love story. Now Madeline is awake and confused. She moans and cries, and does not know what to do. She had heard Porphro singing in her sleep but not now! She is desperate for him to sing again. Give me that voice again, my Porphyro! This shows she wants the romance to continue. She is suffering that he is not singing. Oh leave me not in this eternal woe. After this the reader is told that Porphyro and Madeline consummate. Into her dreams he melted, as the rose blendeth its odour with the violet. Keats compares consummation with the beauty of nature, adding to the romance of the poem, like previously in the poem. Keats wanted his readers to know exactly what the two lovers did! This is why he uses a simile to describe the consummation. Solution sweet. Meantime the frost wind blows. Keats still maintains authorial control of his poem by using his voice to direct and manipulate the reader to the other happenings of the night outside of Madelines room. From now the poem moves very quickly. There is dialogue between Madeline and Porphyro, which again is part of a narrative. The element of magic and enchantment is still continued. Hark! tis and elfin-storm form fairy land. This shows although there is no real meaning for the rest of the poem Keats still keeps up the themes that have been shown throughout the poem. The medieval theme is also continued as well as the gothic image. A chain-droopd lamp reminds the reader of the medieval castle, and The wide stairs. Reinforce the gothic image. The reader is reminded that Porphyro is still in great danger. At glaring watch, perhaps, with ready spears. Although the solution is sweet, Madeline and he have consummated. Porphyro could still get caught! Keats does not actually tell what happens to Madeline and Porphyro, The key turns, and the door opens upon its hinges groans. And they are gone. These lovers fled away into the storm. From this the reader assumes that they are running off to try and start a new life. There is no proof of happy ending. Then again there is no poof a sad ending, however, the idea that they are running off into a storm suggests unease. Keats ties up all the loose ends in his poem, as it finishes suddenly. Angela the old died palsy-twitchd, with meagre face deform: The Beadsman, after thousand aves told, For aye unsought for slept among his ashes cold. He tells what happens to the other characters he had introduced at the beginning. Then the poem is finished. People think he ended his poem suddenly because, he had found out he had tuberculosis and had lost the will to live. Other people think he was so distraught that he could not have a life with his one love Fanny Brown he didnt want his characters to have a life, so his poem finished suddenly. I think he may have just got bored of writing it. Throughout the poem the reader is reminded that it is a narrative, and there is always proof that it is a romantic, even if it just in the features of the room. This poem is a very good example of a narrative romantic poem as it conforms to the all the elements.

Electrochemical Cell EMF Example Problem

Electrochemical Cell EMF Example Problem The cell electromotive force, or cell EMF, is the net voltage between the oxidation and reduction half-reactions taking place between two redox half-reactions. Cell EMF is used to determine whether or not the cell is galvanic. This example problem shows how to calculate the cell EMF using standard reduction potentials.The Table of Standard Reduction Potentials is needed for this example. In a homework problem, you should be given these values or else access to the table. Sample EMF Calculation Consider the redox reaction: Mg(s) 2 H(aq) → Mg2(aq) H2(g)a) Calculate the cell EMF for the reaction.b) Identify if the reaction is galvanic.Solution:Step 1: Break the redox reaction into reduction and oxidation half-reactions.Hydrogen ions, H gain electrons when forming hydrogen gas, H2. The hydrogen atoms are reduced by the half-reaction:2 H 2 e- → H2Magnesium loses two electrons and is oxidized by the half-reaction:Mg → Mg2 2 e-Step 2: Find the standard reduction potentials for the half-reactions.Reduction: E0 0.0000 VThe table shows reduction half-reactions and standard reduction potentials. To find E0 for an oxidation reaction, reverse the reaction.Reversed reaction:Mg2 2 e- → MgThis reaction has a E0 -2.372 V.E0Oxidation - E0ReductionE0Oxidation - (-2.372 V) 2.372 VStep 3: Add the two E0 together to find the total cell EMF, E0cellE0cell E0reduction E0oxidationE0cell 0.0000 V 2.372 V 2.372 VStep 4: Determine if the reaction is galvanic. Redox reactions with a posi tive E0cell value are galvanic.This reactions E0cell is positive and therefore galvanic. Answer:The cell EMF of the reaction is 2.372 Volts and is galvanic.

Moral Reasoning Assignment ( Business Ethics) Essay

Moral Reasoning Assignment ( Business Ethics) - Essay Example Drug should be used for intended purpose and therefore withholding some information about the drug on either the side effects or the purpose of drug leads to misinformation or put the life of patients into danger (Lemmens, 2013). It was morally unacceptable. The food and poison board has been established to help regulate the amount of ingredients in drugs because overconsumption of such substance used in making drug is harmful to health. Drug manufacturers should, therefore, provide detailed relevant information to the food and poison board for the regulation of such drugs. The drug manufacturer had it in mind of the failure to provide relevant information then make safety claims about the product. The company could even offer doctors benefits and privileges in order to deceive the public about the safety of the drugs while marketing them. By use of medically trained doctors as sales agents, they were well aware of the safety information they had kept away from the public. The drug manufacturer in this case endangered the life of consumers, and this was morally unaccepted in pharmaceutical regulations. According to my assessment, such activities were out of law and were worth being punishable. There would be much difference according to morally thinking individual if such activities are never punished. Anything that exposes life into risk should be avoided at all cost. However, any attempt by anybody or organization hide vital, relevant information is prosecutable under the law as noted by authors (Mc Donell, Altman, Leitch & ABC TV, 2012). Drugs are poisonous if their content and ingredients are not regulated and therefore relevant information about the chemicals and reagents used in their manufacture is crucial in regulating their consumption. Drug manufacturers, therefore, should adhere to the bylaws set by food and poison board in order easy and efficient regulation to ensure poison free drugs (David,

International Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Strategic Planning - Essay Example Strategic planning and management functions are all the more important in case of large organizations. Other functional management areas like Human Resources, Finance etc. deal with only a part of the organization or its activity. At times two or more such areas may need to take assistance from each other. But strategic planning and management relates to the management of the organization as a whole. Different set of persons may contribute in different proportions towards making strategic moves. Strategic decisions are concerned with the issue of setting a direction for the organization to move or the course the organization will follow Though very crucial, yet preparing 'strategic moves' for future often is not based on hard facts, but on presumptions. It involves past experience, forecasting and 'surround-effect'. The input from different sources are integrated into one comprehensive plan in order to manage the operations, marketing, production, human resources, marketing communica tions, technology implementation, diversification, mergers & acquisitions etc. Multinational Enterprises with stakes in many markets, different sets of individuals, cultures etc. need to take care of the variations in perceptions and practices in order to remain relevant to the desired areas of operations. In general the planning process begins by taking stock... International strategic planning is the process through which multinational enterprises are supposed to evaluate their performances in the past, make an objective assessment of their corporate strengths and weaknesses, and then chalk out strategies for future operations, which also involves processes like selection, recruitment, allocation of resources and assessing the market positions. Blaney (2001) for example, states that 'long-term planning is about making decisions. It is not about day dreaming. It is a practical exercise in decision-making to try to ensure that the organization goes from where it is now to where it wants to go in a given time-period'. Strategic planning and management can be therefore described as what Bernard (1962) called 'maintaining the organization in operation'. Strategic planning, in general, is carried out by the top management, with strategic inputs from different departments. For multinational enterprises, such a planning is done at corporate headquarters together with senior managers from domestic and foreign operating subsidiaries. In these competitive times, when market dynamics do not allow plans to last long enough, most of the MNEs try to keep permanent planning staff for providing timely inputs to top level managers in order to devise strategies. The planning staff is supposed to gather demographic data, economic data, marketing potential, remuneration statistics etc. to the top level executives; who in turn come out with strategic plans accordingly. The top executives responsible for devising international strategies for MNEs, must also be aware of different political systems, government structures, legal systems, multiple currencies, accounting systems besides the

Causes Animal Extinction Essay Example for Free

Causes Animal Extinction Essay Choose one of the following topics and write a 3-paragraph essay consisting of an Introductory Paragraph, ONE Supporting Paragraph and a Concluding Paragraph. Requirements: 1) Your introductory paragraph should not exceed 150 words, the body paragraph should not exceed 200 words, and the concluding paragraph should not exceed 150 words. 2) Your thesis statement should consist of at least 3 subdivisions and choose only ONE subdivision to develop your supporting paragraph. 3) Type your essay using Arial font, 12 pt., and spaced at 1.5 between lines. Remember to include page numbers. 4) You MUST cite works from experts. Include at least TWO (2) specific supporting details of different types (e.g. quotations or paraphrase/ statistics/ examples from various sources / references / online journals). Citation and referencing should be using the APA format. 5) Essays that are submitted after the deadline will be penalized 2 points per day unless you have prior approval/extension date, or a good and confirmable reason. If you need an extension, see your instructor. Extensions are at his/her discretion. TOPIC 1 Many foreign students are interested in studying in Malaysia for many reasons. However, some of these students do not turn up at their colleges after successfully obtaining their student visa. In some cases, those absentees were caught being involved in vice activities such as prostitution and drug dealing. Suggest some methods that can be implemented by the government and education institutions to stop foreign students from misusing their student VISA. TOPIC 2 Every 4-5 years, Malaysia undergoes the election process by which the citizens select the people to lead the government. However, many of the younger generation do not feel the need to participate in the voting process. Suggest the ways to encourage youths to register as voters. TOPIC 3 It is easy for people to forget that when they travel alone, whether via public transportation or on their own, they are actually exposed to many dangerous situations, such as crime. Hence, it is vital for all to have some basic safety guidelines to avoid or protect oneself from danger. Suggest the precautions that a person can take while travelling alone.

Resident Evil 3-Nemesis :: essays research papers

Resident Evil 3-Nemesis Bio Hazard 3-Last Escape --Faqs/Walkthrough--[by Rann Yong] Table of Contents ----------------- 01. Intro 02. What's New 03. Controls 04. Characters 05. Walkthrough I. September 28th, daylight... II. October 1st, night... 06. Secrets 07. Mecenaries Game 08. Rank/ Grade 09. Miscellaneous 10. About 11. Special Thanks 01. Intro --------- This is the first faq/ walkthrough I ever wrote, so please forgive me for not good in writting this faq. I must say that this game is harder than the previous series of Bio Hazard as the Boss (the one chasing you) in this episode is difficult to handle. So don't underestimate this game! Nemesis will come running at you all the time! He won't rest until you die in his hand...you will notice that, by the time he appear he will say "DIE!!" For this faq is quite or very hard for me to explain because there's lot of parts such as where the item location is, will differs according to your progress in the game. So instead of telling you where the item is, I rather not include that, sorry!! But don't worry the item can be obviously seen if you look hard. This game is rather short but writting walkthrough is not that short...especially come explaining something difficult although my explaination is not that good. The walkthrough section only emphasize on the important item such as key. In other words, the location of green herbs, first aid spray, etc is not discussed. I recommended you guys and gals go get all the Bio Hazard series, as to exactly know what is happening. The objective in Bio Hazard 3 is solely escaping from the Raccoon City. 02. What's New -------------- Version 0.2 ----------- -include walkthrough, character, miscellaneous faq including gunpowder mixing. -update on mercenaries game, I forgot another civilian from the last version. Version 0.1 ----------- -First released -Include mercenaries game, controls, etc. -Not much but enough to get you through the game 03. Controls ------------ The following control is by default in the game. Control is break into two parts, basic movement, and new movement. Basic movement Control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Walk forward D-pad up Walk backward D-pad down Turn right D-pad right Turn left D-pad left Run D-pad up while holding X New movement Control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 180 degrees turn Press(or hold) D-pad down and X simultaneously Avoid obstacles Rapidly press R1,R2 or L1 when enemy's going to attack you 04. Characters -------------- Name: Jill Gender: Female Occupation: S.T.A.R.S. member Purpose: Escape from Raccoon City Control through game: Yes Control through mercenaries game: No Name: Carlos Gender: Male Occupation: Mercenary hired by Umbrella Purpose: Rescue the civilians in Raccoon City Control through game: Yes Control through mercenaries game: Yes Name: Mikhail Gender: Male Occupation: Mercenary hired by Umbrella Purpose: Rescue the civilians in Raccoon City

Types of Dnr

Everyone at any stage of their life can be faced with life changing issues. Should this happen it would be nice for your family to know what your wishes are . Do you want life support? Would you want drugs only used? Does your family know of your wishes? These are not questions that can wait to be addressed. When a family is dealing with their own grief they can not always make your wishes known. There are many ways in which an individual can make their wishes know about end of life care. An advance directive tells your doctor what kind of care you would like to have if you become unable to make medical decisions. With these documents in place decisions are a lot easier on the family members. â€Å"A good advance directive describes the kind of treatment you would want depending on how sick you are,† Sally Austin explained in her article Families making decisions, dying death and DNR status. â€Å"For example, the directives would describe what kind of care you want if you have an illness that you are unlikely to recover from, or if you are permanently unconscious. † Advance directives usually tell your doctor that you don't want certain kinds of treatment. However, they can also say that you want a certain treatment no matter how ill you are. There are many types of advance directives. Laws about advance directives are different in each state. There are also policies and procedures for each hospital or office, clinic so make sure you know your policy. You should be aware of the laws in your state. If you are in a situation where you have a patient that has a DNR however you do not have it in hand and a code is called most places with perform the code as if no DNR is in place. Therefore a copy must always accompany the patient to whatever department they go to (Edwards, 66). A Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is one kind of advance directive. A DNR is a request not to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if your heart stops or if you stop breathing. (Unless given other instructions, hospital staff will try to help all patients whose heart has stopped or who have stopped breathing. ) You can use an advance directive form or tell your doctor that you don't want to be resuscitated. In this case, a DNR order is put in your medical chart by your doctor. DNR orders are accepted by doctors and hospitals in all states. Most patients who die in a hospital have had a DNR order written for them (Edwards, 66). Patients who are not likely to benefit from CPR include people who have cancer that has spread, people whose kidneys don't work well, people who need a lot of help with daily activities, or people who have severe infections such as pneumonia that require hospitalization. If you already have one or more of these conditions, you should discuss your wishes about CPR with your doctor, either in the doctor's office or when you go to the hospital. It's best to do this early, before you are very sick and are considered unable to make your own decisions. A living will is another type of advance directive( LegacyWriter's). It only comes into effect when you are terminally ill. Being terminally ill generally means that you have less than six months to live. In a living will, you can describe the kind of treatment you want in certain situations. A living will doesn't let you select someone to make decisions for you. A Medical Power of Attorney (MPA) is also another kind of advance directive. A MPA states whom you have chosen to make health care decisions for you. It becomes active any time you are unconscious or unable to make medical decisions. A MPA is generally more useful than a living will. But a MPA may not be a good choice if you don't have another person you trust to make these decisions for you. Families can be faced with life alternating decisions at any time. There are several forms of advanced directives, and since no one knows when they will face theses situations it is a good idea to talk to with family and loved ones so you know their wishes as well they know yours.

Hybrid technology Essay

Rising oil prices, relatively rigid mileage limits, and a huge oil imports have forced the world to search for alternate and efficient transportation technologies. A number of options have been searched and looked for in this respect that range from electric, ethanol, fuel cell to solar energy operated vehicles. Among all the technologies developed and tried, one of the most promising and industry popular technology is hybrid vehicle technology that is finding support among government and public as well for its environment friendly and economic advantages. Hybrid Technology. As the name suggests, hybrid technology combine dual technologies in vehicles for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). In the case of a typical electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell or chemical batteries such as advanced sealed lead battery, nickel cadmium and lithium ion are used for auxiliary power (Aldrich, 1996). However in the hybrid electric vehicles, the electric drive technology is combined with a gasoline-based power generator for running the electric motor and charging the batteries. Hybrid vehicles are either full hybrid or mid hybrid. A full hybrid vehicle can move forward from standstill purely on electric power while a mid hybrid requires gasoline power for initial movement, although both technologies concentrate on maximum utilization of electric motor power while reducing the use of gasoline as far as possible (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41). The electric motor and internal combustion engine (ICE) are connected either in parallel or in series in a hybrid vehicle. In parallel hybrid cars, power to engine is supplied by both the electric motor and internal combustion engine while in the series hybrid car the gasoline engine powers the electric motor and batteries to generate electricity, without directly providing power for the vehicle (Aldrich, 1996). There is another category of hybrid vehicles, called as ‘plug-in hybrid’ that can operate as a full electric vehicle. They require some additional batteries and use electricity net to charge the batteries thereby minimizing gasoline use to its lowest possible levels (Aldrich, 1996). All hybrid electric vehicle use computer that constantly monitors speed, power required and charge conditions of batteries (Aldrich, 1996). Hybrid vehicles offer numerous benefits over the conventional gasoline based ICE, some of which are (; Sanna, 2007, 12; Aldrich, 1996, 88 ) 1. Hybrid vehicles are extremely fuel efficient, with most of the driving thrust coming from electric power. 2. Unlike electric cars, they offer unlimited range of traveling and transportation 3. Hybrid technology is combination of the proven technology of ICE with electric motors, thus giving it reliability in the market. 4. Hybrid technology can be used in various sectors of transportation, from personal vehicles to heavy duty vehicles. In fact, both the major US car manufacturers, GM and Ford have come out with a range of hybrid vehicles, that are successful in market. 5. Plug in -Hybrid technology is even more fuel conserving and environmentally benign, cutting down CO2 emission by more than 30 % while using minimum possible use of gasoline. Hybrid vehicles offer the most reliable alternate technology which US can capitalize upon without risking any major upheaval in its current fuel-technology structure. These vehicles promise to drastically reduce fuel oil consumption, reducing the needs of oil imports, meanwhile purchasing time for completely oil free technology. Reference Aldrich, Bob.. ABCs of AFVs: a guide to alternative fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http://www. p2pays. org/ref/26/25156. pdf Sanna Lucy. Driving the Solution: Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. EPRI Journal. 1st Feb 2007. Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management. : Spon Press: New York: 2002. 36.

Stare Decisis Definition - Honor Past Precedents

Stare Decisis Definition - Honor Past Precedents Stare decisis (Latin: stand by the decision) is a legal phrase referring to the obligation of courts to honor past precedents.There are essentially two types of stare decisis. One is the obligation that trial courts have to honor the precedents of higher courts. A local trial court in Mississippi cannot legally convict a person for flag desecration, for example, because of a higher court- the U.S. Supreme Court- ruled in Texas v. Johnson (1989) that a flag desecration is a form of constitutionally protected speech.The other concept of stare decisis is the obligation of the U.S. Supreme Court to honor past precedents. When chief justice appointee John Roberts was questioned before the U.S. Senate, for example, it was widely believed that he does not accept the concept of an implicit constitutional right to privacy, upon which the Courts decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) legalizing abortion was based. But he implied that he would uphold Roe despite any personal reservations due to his com mitment to stare decisis. Justices have different levels of commitment to stare decisis. Justice Clarence Thomas, a conservative jurist who often sides with Chief Justice Roberts, does not believe that the Supreme Court is bound by stare decisis at all.Stare decisis doctrine isnt always cut and dry when it comes to protecting civil liberties. While it can be helpful concept vis-a-vis the preservation of rulings that protect civil liberties, excessive commitment to stare decisis would have prevented such rulings from being handed down in the first place. Proponents of civil liberties hope that conservative justices support precedents set by the anti-segregation ruling Brown v. Board of Education (1954) on the basis of stare decisis, for example, but if the justices who handed down Brown had felt similarly about the separate but equal pro-segregation precedent set in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), stare decisis would have prevented Brown from being handed down at all. Pronunciation: star-ray dee-sigh-sus Also Known As: adherence to precedent; stare decisis is also similar, albeit not identical, to the concept of judicial restraint Common Misspellings: stare dicisis, stare decises

How to Implement a Marketing Workflow Management Process in 7 Steps

How to Implement a Marketing Workflow Management Process in 7 Steps The best marketing teams succeed with strong workflow management processes. Defined as a preset order of operations for getting stuff done, they’re essential for getting work right the first time, every time. Workflow management is also indispensable for building efficiencies into processes, so you can spend more time doing meaningful work, and less time feeling frustrated due to procedural roadblocks. In short, they allow you to plan your work, and work your plan. If you don’t have solid workflows in place, you’ve probably experienced the following problems: Disjointed workflows. No one knows who does what, or in which order. Communication breakdowns. And not like the Led Zeppelin song, either. Missed deadlines. Lack of process leads to inefficiency. In turn, that leads to nothing getting done on time. Sounds like a disaster waiting to happen. That’s just a short list of potential issues you could face, too. How to Implement an Effective Marketing Workflow Management Process in 7 Simple Steps byDownload Your Marketing Workflow Management Template Bundle Fixing broken marketing processes isnt always easy. Having the right tools helps though, so this post includes the following free resources: Marketing Project Management Template (Word): Plan the efficient processes that youll execute. Marketing Project Checklist Template (Excel): Ensure every project and campaign gets completed with no missed steps. Marketing Calendar Template (Excel): Map out deadlines and make projects visible across your entire department. Together, this trio of templates will help you get started planning and managing processes that work. Download them below before continuing.Table of Contents: What is a Workflow? Why You Should Plan Marketing Workflows What Are Popular Workflow Management Tools For Marketers? Step 1: Determine How Your Team Will Communicate Step 2: Onboard Your Team Onto a New Tool Step 3: Define Everyone's Responsibilities Step 4: Map Out Task Checklists Step 5: Plan Your Marketing Calendar Step 6: Plan Your Workflow Execution Step 7: Measure Team PerformanceWhat’s a Workflow, Anyway? A lot of places make workflows sound unnecessarily complicated. Benjamin Brandall summed it up well on the Process Street blog: Workflows are the way people get work done, and can be illustrated as series of steps that need to be completed sequentially in a diagram or checklist. This video from PNM Soft offers a further explanation: Workflows are often visualized using charts or diagrams. They can also be as simple as checklists outlining the steps required to complete a task. Here’s an example of a typical content marketing workflow courtesy of Content Marketing Institute: Here’s what a workflow might look like as a checklist: Do This With : You can build workflow checklists (called Task Templates) in , the only marketing suite that helps you organize all of your marketing in one place. See how they work. Why Bother Planning Marketing Workflows? There’s no sense investing time in something that won’t produce a benefit. So, what’s the real benefit to planning out workflows and sticking to them? Here are seven. 1. Increased Efficiency Means Getting More Done If you’re like most marketers, you have too much to do, and not enough time to get it done. Mile-long to-do lists come with the territory. But, sometimes, that work is more achievable than it seems. While it’s easy to blame being overworked for lack of productivity, sometimes the real culprit is an inefficient workflow. By planning out workflows strategically, you can get more done in less time. By planning out workflows strategically, you can get more done in less time.2. They Make Responsibilities Clear to All Team Members How often have you heard someone say, â€Å"I didn’t know I was supposed to get that done†? Or, how often have you said that out loud yourself? It’s time to put a permanent stop to â€Å"not-my-jobism†. When workflows are clearly mapped out, there’s no ambiguity around who is responsible for which tasks and deadlines. You execute or you don’t. The result? Projects get done right the first time with more consistency. When workflows are clearly mapped out, projects get done right the first time with more consistency.3. Reducing the Need for Hand-Holding and Oversight This one is tied into point number two above. When people don’t quite know what to do, they’ll lean on management for guidance. There’s nothing wrong with that, unless they lean a little too hard, to the extent of having no initiative of their own. Workflows make it clear what team members are responsible for, so they don’t have to wonder whether they’re working on the right things. #Marketing workflows make it clear what people are responsible for.4. Building Consistency in Execution Consistency is key to marketing success. It’s a fundamental building block for constructing and executing processes that drive 10X results. But, if you don’t have a consistent set of steps to follow for every type of project, tasks are liable to fall through the cracks. Sometimes, the negative effects are small like a minor editing step gets missed. Other times, the consequences can be dramatically more significant, like a webinar not getting recorded (good luck publishing that recap video †¦ without the video). Sometimes things happen and can’t be prevented. That’s life. But, marketers should always be doing as much as possible to prevent major mishaps. #Marketers should always be doing as much as possible to prevent major mishaps.5. Enables Visibility Across Projects and Teams There’s a lot of value in teams being able to see what other teams or coworkers are doing. It helps achieve the following results: Managers can see what their staff is working on. Everyone can see the completion status of each project. Transparency improves communication. When workflows are mapped out and projects are placed onto a shared calendar, everyone stays in the loop and holds one another accountable. Agile marketing is a great way to increase visibility into your team's workload.   One of key ways to do this is via the daily stand-up. This meeting takes place during the first 15 mins of every work day. To start you gather every member of your team and ask them three questions. What did you do yesterday? What will you do today? What roadblock are you experiencing?   Daily stand-up meetings help managers stay up-to-date about everything their team is working on, and help facilitate better collaboration and communication amongst team members. has a feature called the Team Management Dashboard that is basically a daily stand-up visualized before your very eyes. You can see exactly what everyone on your team is working on for the day, and reshuffle tasks as needed. Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Get Organized With a Content Marketing Editorial Calendar (Free Template) 6. They Make It Easier to See Where Projects Go Wrong So, sometimes things go wrong. It happens. When they do, it’s important to have a retrospective and identify where the breakdown happened, so it doesn’t happen again. When workflows are well-documented, it’s easier to diagnose exactly where issues arise. When workflows are well-documented, it’s easier to diagnose exactly where issues arise.7. Managers Can Get Out of the Weeds Managers often get too involved in their team member’s work because they don’t trust they’ll get everything done. This is often the result of team members not knowing exactly what they should be doing. It’s a vicious and endless loop. Documenting workflows removes ambiguity so teams are empowered to just get their work done. That frees up manager’s time and headspace to focus on more important things. Everyone wins. What Are Popular Workflow Management Tools for Marketers? There are tons of different software options available, although most of them are not made specifically for marketers. Here are some common choices: Trello Asana Wrike Basecamp DID YOU KNOW: Trello, Asana, Wrike, and Basecamp integrate with using Zapier? See how all your project management tools can work together. Step 1. Determine How Your Team Will Communicate Strong team communication requires the right tools. Before getting too far along, assess whether you currently have the best technology to build collaborative workflows. Once you have a tool selected, you might also have other means of communication too, like email or a chat app. So, how do you enforce team members using the right communication tools for the right things? For internal communication and casual conversation, Slack and Stride are great. Honestly, so is good, old-fashioned walking across the office to talk to someone face-to-face. But, when it comes to project-based communication, it’s best to keep everything organized in one place. There’s nothing worse than forgetting a conversation you had last week or losing notes down an email inbox rabbit hole. solves this by building Discussion Threads into projects. This way, you can keep all team correspondence together, passing notes, trading files, and more, all in one place. Create a project on your calendar: Then, click the Contributors icon on the right: Add team members who will be working on this project: Next, use Discussion Threads to converse and collaborate: Step 2: Onboard the Team to Your Tool If you’re selecting a new tool, making sure everyone knows how to use it well is crucial. Most software providers offer training and in-app onboarding assistance. If they don’t, use something else. Even with vendor-provided training and onboarding, it’s also often worthwhile to host your own training sessions. To do this: Find a time on your company’s calendar that works for everyone who will use the tool. Include a short description in the meeting invite explaining what this tool will help the team achieve. Build a short slide presentation outlining how to use the tool. Make yourself available for questions. Taking the time to instruct the team on how to use the new tool, while also communicating why the tool is even necessary, can go a long way toward ensuring everyone is successful. Recommended Reading: Shorten the Learning Curve For Onboarding Your Team Onto (With Reals) Step 3: Define Everyone’s Responsibilities Next, determine each team member’s responsibilities for each type of project you execute regularly. For a content marketing team, this could include: Creating blog posts. Producing videos. Hosting webinars. Delivering email newsletters. Writing website copy. Each of these projects likely involves multiple team members: Writers to craft copy and content. Designers to create visual elements. Marketing specialists to host webinars. Analysts to measure performance and extract insights from data. Project managers to keep everyone on track. So, who does what, exactly? Sometimes, this answer will be obvious. In other cases, it may be less clear. Stick with one task per person to avoid duplication of effort. Start mapping out tasks logically: Writer Content Research Writing Content and Copy Analyzing Copy PerformanceDesigner Creating Blog Graphics Designing Website Graphics Producing Slide DecksStrategist Generating Ideas Directing Strategy Analyzing ResultsProject Manager Assigning Tasks Managing Client Communication Enforcing DeadlinesSEO Keyword Research On-Page Optimization Backlink OutreachThese are some (very) basic examples. Step 4: Map Out Task Checklists This is where you’ll answer the question posed above in more granular detail. For each project, list the following information: The tasks required to complete the project. Who is responsible for getting it done. How long each step should take. For example, here’s what this might look like for a blog post: Generate Ideas: Strategist - Due 21 Days Before Publish Map Ideas to Content Calendar: Strategist - Due 20 Days Before Publish Keyword Research: SEO Specialist - Due 18 Days Before Publish Write Outline: Writer - Due 17 Days Before Publish Finish Draft: Writer - Due 14 Days Before Publish Edit Draft: Manager/Editor - Due 12 Days Before Publish Create Graphics: Designer - 10 Days Before Publish Schedule Social Promotion: Writer/Social Strategist - 8 Days Before Publish Schedule Post to Publish: Editor - 7 Days Before Publish If this workflow is followed consistently, every blog post will be ready to publish a week in advance at a minimum. This allows room to work ahead, rather than scrambling to meet deadlines at the last minute. In , checklists can be built and reused indefinitely using Task Templates. Create a project on your calendar. Then, add each step to your checklist (Task Template): Next, determine who performs each step: Assign deadlines to each task: Here's what the completed template looks like: Now, each time an item is checked off, the completion percentage will increase: How Long Should Tasks Take? This is a good question, but one without an easy answer. The best way to determine how long things take is to track time. Every time a team member works on a task, have them use Toggl to track their time. It's a simple time-tracking app that makes it easy to quantify how long you're spending doing a given thing: Then, track your average completion time for that type of task (the total number of times the task was completed, divided by the sum of time spent on those tasks overall). Consider using a spreadsheet to track your time, adding the following fields pictured below: Step 5: Plan Your Marketing Calendar Use a marketing calendar to keep projects and campaigns organized. Calendars allow you to: Set and manage deadlines. View which projects are coming up. See what other team members are working on. Prioritize work based on how soon which projects need to be completed. Collaborate with your team in one place. Marketing calendars are often built using spreadsheets (like the free Excel template included in this post). A better option, however, is to use purpose-built software. Apps like help teams beat makeshift marketing (using non-marketing tools for marketing tasks) with a solution built for your specific needs. Recommended Reading: Marketing Calendar By : A Centralized View For All Your Marketing Efforts Mapping Projects and Campaigns to Every marketing task, project, and campaign your team works on can be organized on a marketing calendar like . As you add more pieces to the calendar, it'll start to look something like this: Now, if you'd like to make it easier to separate items visually, Color Labels make it easy to color-code projects: If you'd prefer to see your upcoming work in a list, rather than a traditional calendar view, click List View: You'll now see all the items on your calendar in a list: Step 6: Plan Your Execution and Collaboration Next, develop a plan for how the project will be executed. This includes: Determining the team members who will be on the project.   Defining which tools the team will use. Executing the project. Here’s how a blog post could be created using . First, make sure WordPress, your social networks, and email service provider are connected: Write your blog content using Google Docs, Evernote, ’s built-in text editor, or directly in WordPress: As you work through the post, share notes with your team using Discussion Threads. You can also manage version control if you choose to write content using Microsoft Word (or another word processor), attaching and exchanging files: Now, it's possible you'll need to create additional promotional content for social media and email. Add a Social Campaign and create social media promotion: You can now add and schedule social media posts: Next, if you’ll be promoting this blog post with email, add an email campaign on the same day: That’s your entire content creation workflow, managed and automated with . You can build and manage workflows for all other content and projects you execute as well. Step 7: Measure Team Performance How do you know your workflows are effective? By measuring your team’s output and comparing productivity levels to where they were before. ’s Team Performance Reports make it simple to quantify productivity. It tracks how often tasks on Task Templates are checked off on time, and delivers comprehensive reports on who’s getting their work done on time consistently, and who’s falling behind:Recommended Reading: How to Gain Powerful Insights + Improve Your Team's Productivity Master Workflow Management With This post has covered a lot of ground on how to succeed with proper workflow management. It’s also cited as the ideal tool to manage your entire marketing department’s workflows all in one place (though the free templates included will help you get started as well). What if you’re ready to dive in and see how can help you save at least 10 hours per team member a week? Start your free 14-day trial of schedule a demo call with an expert. You’ll be able to get your team up and running, and see exactly how you can overcome makeshift marketing, get organized, and improve the way your marketing department functions.

How Does the Constitution Mitigate Collective Action Problems Essay

How Does the Constitution Mitigate Collective Action Problems - Essay Example The essay "How Does the Constitution Mitigate Collective Action Problems?" talks about the aspects of collective action in terms of Constitution of the United States of America. The most basic question then is ‘what is collective action’. The foremost treatise on the subject is the Logic of Collective action by Mancur j Olsen. Olsen studies the notion of a group, he examines that individuals form groups or organizations with common interests. These groups or organizations are formed to promote and advance the common interests or work for the well-being and benefit of the members of the organization and this action is called the collective action. The union strives to get between wages, working conditions etc for its members. In modern democracies, the government is a group which performs a collective action - made up of elected representatives; it strives to work for the well-being and to promote the interests of the public. The government provides healthcare, free education, infrastructure, defense and other civil liberties for the well-being of its citizens. The basis of collective action is an input made by members towards an organization which then promotes the common interests of all the members of the same. This implies that, as far as possible, persons must contribute to the organization to avail of the promotion of their interests. However, this is not always the case. Problems arise with the collective action model because individuals by their very nature do not agree on the common interests.... Coordination ii. Disagreement iii. Defection/Instability iv. Free Riding v. Alternatives/Prisoners Dilemma The most important of these are the problems of Free Riding and Prisoners Dilemma. In certain organisations, individuals do not contribute for the benefits they enjoy. This is the problem of Free Riding. Such a problem can be seen clearly in the case of ‘Public Goods’. Economists use the term public goods to refer to goods provided by a government on the basis of taxation and not prices. These are goods, the enjoyment of which by one person does not diminish the enjoyment of another enjoying the same goods, For example, where two people look at a work of art, one person enjoyment has no relevance to the others; however the work of art is available to be enjoyed by all. This is in contrast to private goods where an owner of such good can prevent others from using it. Individuals in these groups’ feel that the benefit to them is too negligible and disregard the benefit of such a good to others, thereby refusing to contribute, thee ride free; enjoy the benefits based on the contribution of other members . For example as in the cases of environmental pollution, where all individuals by polluting less can protect all from harmful rays of the sun. However, if an individual feels that pollution is of no importance and the benefit to him is minimal, he will be a free rider on the contributions of others. An individual in a group may pursue an activity that rewards him individually rather than pursuing the interests of the group which causes the problem of prisoner’s dilemma. III. The Role of the Constitution Article 1 section 8: The federation of states that make up the United States of America are bodies which all work